White South Africans make up 7.3% of the population, but own the vast majority of privately held farmland, according to a 2017 government report.
One of Trump's closest advisers, South African-born Elon Musk, has previously said there was a "genocide of white people" in South Africa and accused the government of passing "racist ownership laws".
The claims of a genocide of white people have been widely discredited.
On Monday, Democratic Senator Jeanne Shaheen described the resettlement as "baffling" given the "indefinite suspension for thousands of legitimate asylum seekers" from other countries.
In a statement sent to the BBC, Gregory Meeks, ranking Democratic member of the House Foreign Affairs Committee, said the Trump administration's refugee resettlement was "not just a racist dog whistle, it's a politically motivated rewrite of history".
"Refugee policy should protect the vulnerable, not serve an extremist agenda," he said.
Melissa Keaney, a lawyer with the International Refugee Assistance project, said the White House's decision to fast-track the Afrikaners' arrival amounted to "a lot of hypocrisy and unequal treatment".
"The speed at which that [the Afrikaners] were processed is remarkable and unprecedented, and required, I think, a lot of sort of bending rules by the state department and changing procedure," she told the BBC.
Her organisation is suing the Trump administration after it indefinitely suspended the US Refugee Admissions Program (USRAP) in January. She said that policy had left over 120,000 conditionally approved refugees in limbo.
Afrikaner author Max du Preez told the BBC's Newsday radio programme that claims of persecution of white South Africans were a "total absurdity" and "based on nothing".
Figures from the South African police show that in 2024, 44 murders were recorded on farms and smaller plots of agricultural land, with eight of those killed being farmers.
South Africa does not report on crime statistics broken down by race but a majority of the country's farmers are white, while other people living on farms, such as workers, are mostly black.
Bilateral relations between the US and South Africa have been strained since President Trump first tasked his administration with resettling Afrikaners, a group with mostly Dutch ancestry, in the US.
In March, South Africa's ambassador to the US, Ebrahim Rasool, was expelled after accusing President Trump of using "white victimhood as a dog whistle", leading to the US accusing Mr Rasool of "race-baiting".
The US has also criticised South Africa for taking an "aggressive" position against Israel at the International Court of Justice (ICJ), where Pretoria has accused Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's government of genocide against Palestinians - a claim the Israelis strongly reject.