BARCELONA, Spain — While visiting Germany last month, the world’s richest man, Elon Musk, proffered unsolicited advice to European leaders.
"Spain should build a massive solar array,” he tweeted on Apr. 4. “Could power all of Europe."
Spain’s Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez promptly responded. “We’re already implementing most ambitious plan towards efficient & sustainable energy system,” he tweeted at Musk. “Come and see. We welcome investors in Spain.”
While prompting 66,000 likes and 10,000 retweets, Musk’s tweet also elicited its fair share of eye-rolling from those who wondered when the Tesla CEO (and Twitter’s likely new owner) had also become a European energy expert.
"For Spain to power all of Europe makes no sense," Thomas Pellerin-Carlin, director of the Jacques Delors Energy Centre in Paris, told Yahoo News
But after Moscow shut off Gazprom’s gas spigot to Poland and Bulgaria last week and threatened to do the same to other countries in the 27-member European Union, Musk’s suggestion has prompted further examination. With European leaders warily assessing their future supplies of cheap gas from Russia, whose coal the EU is already embargoing, it's entirely possible that Spain — where renewable energies, including solar, are being rapidly deployed — may offer a solution.
“His idea is provocative,” Mario Sánchez-Herrero, founder of the nonprofit cooperative Ecooo Energía Ciudadana, told Yahoo News, noting that Spain has vast solar and wind energy potential. Nearly 47% of electricity generated in Spain last year was from renewables, with solar making up almost 14% of that, thanks to huge solar fields and wind farms already in operation.
Dramatically increasing Spain’s production of renewable energy to help power the rest of Europe isn’t a stretch, Sánchez-Herrero said.
“If we occupied one-quarter of Spain’s land” — a chunk that would be the size of Florida — “with just photovoltaics and solar panels, Spain could produce all the energy consumed in Europe,” said Sánchez-Herrero, while adding that it “is absurd” to think Spain would simply convert the vast amount of land required for solar and wind farms. “People live everywhere in Spain,” he noted. Devoting that much land to power generation “is too much. So that’s not the solution.”
While Spain receives far more sunlight than most other European countries, Musk’s idea of singling it out as the continent’s energy savior defies logic, Naomi Chevillard, head of regulatory affairs at SolarPower Europe, told Yahoo News.
“The beauty of solar is its flexibility and versatility,” she said. “We don’t need to concentrate solar installations in just one country but can enhance rooftops, support farming, and protect reservoirs across Europe.”
Representing more than 260 organizations from the solar sector, SolarPower Europe says it hopes that Europe will be generating 1 terawatt of solar energy — enough to power 300 million homes — by 2030 “in order to strengthen the continent’s energy security, achieve our climate goals, and shield Europeans from energy price hikes.”
Another potential snag with Musk’s vision is that Spain, which is geographically closer to Algeria than it is to Germany, is poorly connected to the power grid in most of Europe. Underwater cables are difficult to install, said Sánchez-Herrero, and the rugged underwater topography of the Bay of Biscay between Spain and France presents engineering hurdles and inevitable delays. Running overland cables through the Pyrenees mountain range would present its own obstacles. Seven years and around $1 billion were needed to complete the 40-mile electrical cable from northern Spain to southern France that became operational in 2015.